Unevenness on Liners

An uneven finish has been observed on finished liners. Unevenness is characterized by an undulating surface with circumferential “ridges” and/or “furrows”.

Causes: The formation of an uneven surface on the internal surface of liners is characterized by a rippled surface which can be seen in the close-up in Figure 4 below.

The coating surface can become uneven after impregnation if the lining is retained without sufficient refrigeration. Under these conditions the styrene monomer can cause the coating to swell relative to the underlying felt resulting in an uneven surface. Air pockets can occur behind the seam (see Figure 6) due to a number of factors.

Figure 1: Slightly uneven finish at 7 o’clock pulling across a seam. (Click photo to view video.)

Figure 2: Almost complete circumferential undulations. (Click photo to view video.)

Figure 3: Almost complete circumferential undulations. (Click photo to view video.)

Figure 4: Close-up view of uneven surface. (Click photo to view video.)

Figure 5: Increasingly severe undulating surface. (Click photo to view video.)

Figure 6: Example of air pockets behind the seam. (Click photo to view video.)

Solutions: An uneven finish on the surface of a liner may a function of the coating thickness and the properties of the underlying felt. This is an issue which may require a fundamental examination of these material properties. Air pockets behind liners are avoided by ensuring that the liner or calibration hose is kept tight during inversion.

Unevenness on Liners

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